Hi
@magenta01
I am sure this is a frustrating problem and I have done a lot of looking on either known problems or limitations for the twirl filter or filters in general.
Some filters have a max memory limit yet Photoshop would provide an error code.
On a hunch, I tried to test the limits of some filters and see what happened.
Though I have not found a reference for details, some filters do have pixel dimension limits where the filter name will be greyed out.
I put in a image 100 pixels high and 30,000 pixels wide and opened up the distort filters. Sure enough, some were grayed out and this was in 8 bit mode and I have 64G of main memory and 4TB of SSD and plenty of CPU capacity (i.e. don't think my system resources are the limiters.
I just wanted to point out that there are some not well documented limits of filters in Photoshop. No idea if this is your issue or not.
It may be more productive to contact Adobe.
As for me, when an easier answer cannot be found, I start a divide and conquer debugging approach which can take some time to narrow down the source of the problem.
If you wanted to pursue that, one of the first steps would be to share the image file that has the problem for other members to see if they can duplicate the problem.
On your own, if you have a very large file, you could also test smaller pixel dimensions files and see if the Twirl Filter begins to work.
Maybe another forum member has a better solution path yet that would be next steps if I were you.
Here is the screen shot of the filters grayed out with the large image dimensions mentioned above for reference.
Hope you can get to root cause of your issue and will just be in standby if you want to pursue the problem in a debug approach.
John Wheeler