Extending off of Erik's excellent tip:
Another method to soft proof the different working spaces of Windows and Mac is to access the Macintosh/Windows settings of the Proof Setup Command, which can be found under View > Proof Setup > Macintosh RGB and/or Windows RGB.
If your workflow is predicated on your images being viewed cross-platform, then soft proofing the different working spaces is something one needs to be cognizant of.
Soft Proof - Hard Proof
In print, a hard proof is printed to determine how color will be reproduced on a specific output device.
A soft proof is a screen preview of how your image will look under a different working space and/or how your image will look on a specific output device.
For example, I have an Epson Stylus Photo 1280 that I use to hard proof my images. Additionally, before I hard proof anything - I soft proof it in Photoshop: View > Proof Setup > Custom > Profile > Epson Stylus Photo 1280.
In addition, to get an accurate representation of the different working spaces (especially when doing color important work) - it's imperative that your monitor be calibrated and characterized on a regular basis. I usually calibrate twice a month, some people I know calibrate once a week, while others - less frequent. The frequency is determined by things such as monitor color shifting (every monitor shifts over an extended period), etc...
I calibrate my white point color temperature to 6500 Kelvin, and since I'm using Windows - I set my gamma to 2.2.
As for making modifications to one's gamma settings, Bruce Fraser suggests using your native monitor gamma as one will lose fewer levels in one's video card's lookup table.
Adobe Gamma vs. a Colorimeter/Hardware approach
Too many variables exist that could throw off your calibration and characterization of your monitor using Adobe Gamma (Adobe Gamma being good, and definitely preferable to nothing) so I use a colorimeter (ColorVision) that attaches to my monitor and measures colorimetric values to both calibrate and characterize/profile. Additionally, I use Profiler RGB to calibrate my printer so I can attain accurate color output.
Additionally, I use View > New View to soft proof my images. This is great as it allows me to compare and contrast the soft proof with the original as a frame of reference.
I hope this helps!
Rick Miller